Contoh, Rumus, dan Pembentukan kalimat The Passive Voice

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Passive Voice

Membentuk Kalimat Passive

Dalam kalimat pasif, objek dari kalimat aktif menjadi subjek di kalimat pasif. Contoh:

Active: The children helped the old man.

Passive: The old man was helped by the children.

Dari contoh di atas, terlihat bahwa objek (the old man) di kalimat aktif menjadi subjek di kalimat passive. Hanya kalimat transitif (kalimat yang membutuhkan objek) yang digunakan dalam kalimat passif. Contoh:

Active: An accident happened.

Passive: (tidak ada)

Pembentukan kalimat passive

	*ACTIVE*	*PASSIVE*
*Simple present*	The boy recites* the holy Qurân.*	The holy Qurân is recited by the boy.
*Present continuous*	The boy is reciting* the holy Qurân.*	The holy Qurân is being recited by the boy.
*Present perfect*	The boy has* recited the holy Qurân.*	The holy Qurân has been recited by the boy.
*Simple past*	The boy recited* the holy Qurân.*	The holy Qurân was recited by the boy.
*Past continuous*	The boy was* reciting the holy Qurân.*	The holy Qurân was being recited by the boy.
*Past perfect*	The boy had* recited the holy Qurân.*	The holy Qurân had been recited by the boy.
*(Simple) future*	The boy will* recite the holy Qurân.*	The holy Qurân will be recited by the boy.
*Future perfect*	The boy would* have recited the holy Qurân.*	The holy Qurân would have been recited by the boy.
*To be going to*	The boy is going* to recite the holy Qurân.*	The holy Qurân is going to be recited by the boy.
*Infinitive “to”*	The boy has* to recite the holy Qurân.*	The holy Qurân has to be recited by the boy.
*Present participle/* *Gerund*	I like inviting* friends to my home*	I like being* invited to your home.*

Catatan:

Present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, future continuous, dan future perfect continuous tidak dipakai dalam kalimat passive.
Biasanya kalimat pasif digunakan tanpa kata by. Kalimat pasif umumnya digunakan ketika pelaku (subjek) tidak dikenal atau tidak penting untuk diketahui. Kata-kata by people, by me, by you, by the, by someone, by a man, by a boy, by the servant, dan seterusnya tidak perlu dipakai. Contoh: (a) Rice is grown in India by ~~someone.~~ (b) English is spoken all over the world ~~by people.~~
“will dan would” di atas mewakili bentuk kata modal dan frasa modal lainnya: should, can, must, may, shall, had better, ought to, have to, is supposed to dan lainnya.

Pembentukan kalimat passive dalam bentuk pertanyaan

	*ACTIVE*	*PASSIVE*
*Simple present*	Do you paint the room beautifully?	Is the room beautifully painted by you?
*Present continuous*	*Are* you painting* the room beautifully?*	Is the room being beautifully painted?
*Present perfect*	*Have* you painted* the room beautifully?*	*Has* the room been* beautifully painted?*
*Simple past*	*Did* you paint* the room beautifully?*	*Was* the room beautifully painted?
*Past continuous*	*Were* you painting* the room beautifully?*	*Was* the room being* beautifully* *painted?*
*Past perfect*	*Had* you painted* the room beautifully?*	*Had* the room been* beautifully* *painted*?
*(Simple) future*	*Will* you paint* the room beautifully?*	*Will* the room be beautifully painted?
*Future perfect*	*Will* you have* painted the room* beautifully before I come home?	*Will* the room have* been beautifully* *painted* before I come home?
*Infinitive “to”*	Do you have* to paint the room* Beautifully?	Does the room have* to be beautifully painted?*

Di dalam kalimat passive kata keterangan cara seperti beautifully, well, dan sebagainya biasanya diletakkan sebelum kata kerja ke III nya atau past participle. Contoh: The room was beautifully painted.

Rumus Passive Voice

	Am, is, are, was, were	+ Verb III/Kata kerja ke III
Modal (Will, shall, can, may, must, should, dll)	*+ Be*
Have, has, had	*+ Been*
Am, is are, was, were, preposition, Kata kerja diikuti oleh gerund (enjoy, Appreciate, mind, finish, delay, dll)	*+ Being*

Source:

Mastering Modern English Structure (1987) oleh Drs. Azhar Arsyad, MA [beliau sudah menjadi Guru Besar di UIN Alauddin]
Understanding and Using English Grammar, Third Edition oleh Betty Schrampfer Azar

Sumber https://englishahkam.blogspot.com/

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