Masalah Rutin dan Masalah Tidak Rutin Dalam Matematika

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Menunjukkan masalah rutin dan tidak rutin.

Memberikan contoh masalah rutin dan masalah tidak rutin.

Masalah rutin dan masalah tidak rutin

Apa syarat suatu soal dapat dipandang sebagai masalah rutin bagi siswa SD?

Apa syarat suatu soal dapat dipandang sebagai masalah tidak rutin bagi siswa SD?

Jawaban

Suatu soal dapat dipandang sebagai masalah, merupakan hal yang sangat relatif. Suatu soal yang dianggap sebagai masalah bagi seseorang, bagi orang lain mungkin hanya merupakan hal yang rutin belaka. Soal rutin biasanya mencakup aplikasi suatu prosedur matematika yang sama atau mirip dengan hal yang baru dipelajari.

Dalam masalah tidak rutin, untuk sampai pada prosedur yang benar diperlukan pemikiran yang lebih mendalam.

Contoh Masalah Rutin and Masalah Tidak Rutin Perhatikan beberapa soal berikut:

Masalah Rutin dan Masalah Tidak Rutin Dalam Matematika Masalah Rutin dan Masalah Tidak Rutin Dalam Matematika

Pada hari Senin ada 5479 orang yang menonton film, 3477 orang menonton pada hari Selasa dan 6399 orang menonton pada hari Rabu. Berapa jumlah orang yang menonton dalam tiga hari?

Gunakan tiap angka 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 paling sedikit satu kali untuk membentuk tiga buah bilangan empat-angka yang jumlahnya 9636!

Siswa kelas V SDN “Gatotkaca” akan pergi berkemah. Ada 46 orang penumpang yang akan ikut, yaitu terdiri dari siswa-siswi dan guru pembimbing. Alat transportasi yang dapat di pilih ada 2, yaitu mobil Kijang dan Colt L-300.

Apabila menggunakan mobil Kijang, berapa buah mobil Kijang yang dibutuhkan untuk pergi berkemah?
Apabila menggunakan mobil Colt L-300, berapa buah mobil Colt L-300 yang dibutuhkan untuk pergi berkemah?
Apabila tarip carter sebuah mobil Kijang adalah Rp. 600.000,-, dan sebuah mobil Colt L-300 adalah Rp. 750.000,- ; berapakah tarip termurahnya? Panitia memutuskan ke 46 penumpang supaya membawa semua perlengkapannya yang dimasukkan ke dalam 14 kotak (dus) yang ukurannya sama, maka rinciannya:
Apabila panitia memutuskan untuk mencarter mobil Colt L-300 saja, berapa buah mobil Colt L-300 yang mereka perlukan? Catatan: demi keselamatan dalam perjalanan, tidak ada dus yang diletakkan di atas jok mobil.
Bagaimana seandainya panitia mencarter mobil Kijang saja, apa perbedaannya? Apa persamaannya?

Mengapa soal no 4. d dan e di atas merupakan masalah tidak rutin?

Berikan contoh masalah rutin dan masalah tidak rutin bagi siswa SD! Jelaskan!

Jawaban

Untuk menjawab soal no 4. d dan e diperlukan strategi yang tepat sebelum memulai untuk memecahkan pertanyaan tersebut.

Masalah tidak rutin lebih kompleks daripada masalah rutin, siswa SD dalam menghadapi masalah tidak rutin yang memerlukan analisis dan proses berfikir mendalam.

TES FORMATIF

Suatu soal dapat dipandang sebagai masalah, merupakan hal yang sangat relatif, maksudnya adalah ...
A. suatu soal yang dianggap sebagai masalah bagi seseorang, bagi orang lain mungkin hanya merupakan hal yang rutin belaka
B. suatu soal dapat dikerjakan oleh semua orang tanpa terkecuali
C. suatu soal belum ditemukan jawabannya oleh banyak orang
D. suatu soal membingungkan bagi semua orang

Masalah yang dihadapi siswa dapat dikategorikan menjadi dua yaitu ...
A. masalah mudah dan masalah sulit
B. masalah formal dan masalah informal
C. masalah pribadi dan masalah umum
D. masalah rutin dan masalah tidak rutin

Masalah yang mencakup aplikasi suatu prosedur matematika yang sama atau mirip dengan hal yang baru dipelajari disebut masalah …
A. rutin
B. tidak rutin
C. kecil
D. besar

Yang dimaksud dengan masalah tidak rutin adalah …
A. masalah yang dapat segera diselesaikan dengan menerapkan berbagai konsep matematika
B. masalah yang dapat diselesaikan dengan menerapkan algoritma/perhitungan dalam matematika yang telah ditentukan
C. masalah yang memerlukan analisis dan proses berfikir mendalam untuk mendapatkan solusinya
D. masalah yang tidak memerlukan pengalaman untuk mendapatkan solusinya

Dari pernyataan-pernyataan berikut merupakan masalah rutin yang sering dijumpai siswa SD, kecuali …
A. Tentukan FPB dan KPK dari bilangan 14 dan 20!
B. Adi mempunyai 12 kelerang, ketika bermain kelereng Andi menjadi 20 kelereng, berapakah banyak kelereng kemenangan Adi?
C. Lampu merah menyala tiap 3 detik, sedangkan lampu hijau menyala tiap 4 detik. Apabila detik sekarang kedua lampu menyala bersama-sama, berapa detik lagi kedua lampu akan meyala bersama-sama?
D. Tentukan nilai satuan dari 7333 !

Dari pernyataan-pernyataan berikut yang termasuk masalah rutin yang sering dijumpai siswa SD adalah …
A. Sebuah bak air berbentuk balok. Panjang, lebar dan tinggi bagian dalamnya berturut-turut 60 cm, 50 cm, dan 40 cm. Berapa literkah air yang dapat di tampung oleh bak tersebut?
B. Asrul mempunyai 6 potongan rantai, masing-masing terdiri atas 4 mata rantai. Jika ongkos membuka satu mata rantai adalah Rp. 500,00 dan ongkos mengelas tertutup kembali adalah Rp. 2.000,00, berapa ongkos terkecil untuk menghubungkan enam potongan menjadi sebuah rantai tunggal yang panjangnya 24 mata rantai?
C. Seorang pensiunan menghabiskan seperempat hidupnya sebagai anak kecil, seperlima sebagai pemuda, sepertiga sebagai bapak, dan 13 tahun sebagai pensiunan. Berapa usianya ketika meninggal?
D. Sebatang bambu tegak, yang panjangnya 18 cm, telah dipatahkan oleh angin. Ujungnya menyentuh tanah 6 meter dari pangkalnya. Berapa tinggi tempat patah tersebut?

Berapa nilai A untuk memperoleh hasil akhir 279 seperti ditunjukkan di bawah ini?

Soal di atas termasuk masalah ...
A. rutin
B. tidak rutin
C. biasa
D. luar biasa

Siswa yang terbiasa menghadapi masalah tidak rutin maka siswa tersebut …
A. akan meningkat prestasi matematikanya
B. akan terbiasa menerapkan berbagai konsep matematika dalam situasi baru
C. akan terbiasa menerapkan algoritma/perhitungan dalam matematika yang telah ditentukan
D. akan mudah mendapatkan pengalaman yang berharga dalam menghadapi berbagai persoalan

Guru perlu berhati-hati dalam menentukan soal yang akan disajikan sebagai pemecahan masalah. Bagi sebagaian besar guru, untuk memperoleh atau menyusun soal yang benar-benar bukan merupakan masalah yang rutin bagi siswa termasuk pekerjaan yang sulit. Akan tetapi hal ini akan dapat diatasi antara lain melalui pengalaman dalam menyajikan soal yang …
A. monoton, rutin, sulit
B. mudah, menarik, praktis
C. bervariasi baik bentuk, tema masalah, tingkat kesulitan, serta tuntutan kemampuan intelektual yang ingin dicapai atau dikembangkan pada siswa
D. masalah rutin dan masalah tidak rutin

Setiap siswa SD dalam kelas berpotensi untuk mempunyai kemampuan khusus di bidang matematika. Hal tersebut dapat terjadi apabila …
A. siswa tersebut rajin belajar, dan sering diperkenalkan masalah-masalah tidak rutin
B. siswa tersebut mempunyai keyakinan yang tinggi dalam menyelesaikan setiap soal matematika di kelas
C. siswa tersebut rajin belajar, tidak takut salah, suka tantangan, tidak mudah menyerah, tidak berpuas diri, dan mendapat bimbingan dari guru
D. siswa tersebut sering mengerjakan soal matematika dengan cepat, dan sering mendapatkan pujian dari guru dan orang tua

Disini

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Tags Matematika Realistik Pembelajaran

Brahma Prasetya Diposting : Rabu, 05 Desember 2012, Desember 05, 2012

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0===a.data("flexslider")&&new e.flexslider(this,t)});var a=e(this).data("flexslider");switch(t){case"play":a.play();break;case"pause":a.pause();break;case"stop":a.stop();break;case"next":a.flexAnimate(a.getTarget("next"),!0);break;case"prev":case"previous":a.flexAnimate(a.getTarget("prev"),!0);break;default:"number"==typeof t&&a.flexAnimate(t,!0)}}}(jQuery); $(window).load(function(){$('#mbt-c').flexslider({animation:"slide",directionNav:false,itemWidth:415,itemMargin:0,touch:true,slideshowSpeed:1500,pauseOnHover:true,animationSpeed:600,})}); function 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0},Scroller.prototype.scrollNoAnimate=function(){document.body.scrollTop=0,document.documentElement.scrollTop=0},Scroller.prototype.scrollAnimate=function(){this.scrollTop()>0&&0==this.stop&&setTimeout(function(){this.scrollAnimate(),window.scrollBy(0,-Math.abs(this.scrollTop())/this.options.normal.steps)}.bind(this),this.options.normal.ms)},Scroller.prototype.scrollAnimateLinear=function(){this.scrollTop()>0&&0==this.stop&&setTimeout(function(){this.scrollAnimateLinear(),window.scrollBy(0,-Math.abs(this.options.linear.px))}.bind(this),this.options.linear.ms)},Scroller.prototype.click=function(){this.button.addEventListener("click",function(t){t.stopPropagation(),this.scroll()}.bind(this),!1),this.button.addEventListener("dblclick",function(t){t.stopPropagation(),this.scrollNoAnimate()}.bind(this),!1)},Scroller.prototype.hide=function(){this.button.classList.add("scroll-button--hidden")},Scroller.prototype.show=function(){this.button.classList.remove("scroll-button--hidden")},Scroller.prototype.checkPosition=function(){window.addEventListener("scroll",function(t){this.scrollTop()>this.options.showButtonAfter?this.show():this.hide()}.bind(this),!1)},Scroller.prototype.stopListener=function(){var t=this.scrollTop();window.addEventListener("scroll",function(o){this.scrollTop()>t&&this.stopTimeout(200),t=this.scrollTop()}.bind(this,t),!1),window.addEventListener("wheel",function(t){t.deltaY>0&&this.stopTimeout(200)}.bind(this),!1)},Scroller.prototype.stopTimeout=function(t){this.stop=!0,setTimeout(function(){this.stop=!1,console.log(this.stop)}.bind(this),t)},Scroller.prototype.scrollTop=function(){var t=document.documentElement.scrollTop||document.body.scrollTop;return t};var options={showButtonAfter:200,animate:"normal",normal:{steps:15,ms:1e3/60},linear:{px:80,ms:1e3/60}},scroll=new Scroller(options);scroll.init(); function resizeThumb(el,from,to){$(el).each(function(){$(this).attr({'src':$(this).attr('src').replace('/s'+from+'-c/','/s'+to+'-c/'),'width':to,'height':to})})} $(function(){resizeThumb('.related-thumb','72','150')}) $(function(){$('#controltab1').click(function(){var 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clean_uri=uri.substring(0,uri.indexOf("?m=1"));window.history.replaceState({},document.title,clean_uri)} function replaceText(){if(!document.getElementById){return} bodyText=document.getElementById("Blog1");theText=bodyText.innerHTML;theText=theText.replace(/default/gi,"mqdefault");bodyText.innerHTML=theText}replaceText() //]]> $(".entry-content img").parents("a").on("click",function(a){a.preventDefault();a.stopPropagation();return $(this).lighter()}); (function(){var g,h,e,f=function(b,a){return function(){return b.apply(a,arguments)}};g=jQuery;h=(function(){function a(){}a.transitions={webkitTransition:"webkitTransitionEnd",mozTransition:"mozTransitionEnd",oTransition:"oTransitionEnd",transition:"transitionend"};a.transition=function(k){var c,l,d,b;c=k[0];b=this.transitions;for(d in b){l=b[d];if(c.style[d]!=null){return l}}};a.execute=function(d,b){var c;c=this.transition(d);if(c!=null){return d.one(c,b)}else{return b()}};return 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this.hide()};a.prototype.next=function(b){if(b!=null){b.preventDefault()}return b!=null?b.stopPropagation():void 0};a.prototype.prev=function(){if(typeof event!=="undefined"&&event!==null){event.preventDefault()}return typeof event!=="undefined"&&event!==null?event.stopPropagation():void 0};a.prototype.image=function(b){return b.match(/\.(jpeg|jpg|jpe|gif|png|bmp)$/i)};a.prototype.type=function(b){if(b==null){b=this.href()}return this.settings.type||(this.image(b)?"image":void 0)};a.prototype.href=function(){return this.$el.attr("href")};a.prototype.process=function(){var j,c,d,b=this;d=this.type(j=this.href());this.$content.html((function(){switch(d){case"image":return g("<img/>").attr({src:j});default:return g(j)}})());switch(d){case"image":c=new Image();c.src=j;return c.onload=function(){return b.resize(c.width,c.height)}}};a.prototype.resize=function(b,c){this.width=b;this.height=c;return this.align()};a.prototype.align=function(){var 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d,b,c=this;b=function(){return c.toggle("on")};d=function(){return g(document.body).append(c.$lighter)};d();this.$lighter.addClass("fade");this.$lighter.position();this.$lighter.removeClass("fade");return h.execute(this.$container,b)};return a})();g.fn.extend({lighter:function(a){if(a==null){a={}}return this.each(function(){var b,c,d;b=g(this);d=g.extend({},g.fn.lighter.defaults,typeof a==="object"&&a);c=typeof a==="string"?a:a.action;if(c==null){c="show"}return e.lighter(b,d)[c]()})}})}).call(this);

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